Microbial Etiology of Periodontal Disease – Mini Review

The periodontal disease is a chronic, degenerative disease which is localised on the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone. The main etiological factor is oral biofilm with microorganisms. The search for the pathogens of periodontal diseases has been underway for more than 100 years, and continues up today. The currently recognized key Gram negative periodontopathogens include: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Bacteroides forsythus, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Capnocytophaga species, Campylobacter rectus.All bacteria in the periodontal pocket could damage periodontal tissues, and good knowledge of these as well as an adequate treatment could be helpful in treatment of this disease.A full understanding of the microbial factors, their pathogenicity as well as host factors are of the essential importance for pathogenesis of periodontal disease. In this way, it could be possible to treat the periodontal patients adequately.